Feasibility and Usefulness of Repetitions-In-Reserve Scales for Selecting Exercise Intensity: A Scoping Review.

The intensity of resistance training (RT) exercise is an important consideration for determining relevant health and performance-related outcomes. Yet, current objective exercise intensity measures present concerns in terms of viability or cost. In response to these concerns, repetition-in-reserve (RIR) scales may represent an adequate method of measuring and regulating intensity. However, no recent review has focused on how RIR scales have been used for this purpose in prior research. We prepared the present scoping review to analyze the feasibility and usefulness of RIR scales in selecting RT intensity. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (last search date April 2023) for experimental and non-experimental studies that utilized an RIR scale to measure proximity to failure in RT activities with apparently healthy individuals of any age. We qualitatively analyzed 31 studies (N = 855 mostly male adult participants) published between 2012-2023. RIR scales appeared to be contextually feasible and useful in prescribing and adjusting RT intensity. The most common trend in this research was to prescribe a target RIR and adjust the exercise load for a desired proximity to muscle failure. Additionally, when measuring proximity to failure as an outcome of interest, the literature suggests that the RIR prediction should be made close to task failure to increase its accuracy. Future research should further explore the impact of sex, RT experience, exercise selection, and muscle conditioning on the overall RIR approach.

Core-Shell Nanocables Decorated with Carbon Spherical Shells and Silver Nanoparticles for Sensing Ethinylestradiol Hormone in Water Sources and Pills.

The selective, rapid detection of low levels of hormones in drinking water and foodstuffs requires materials suitable for inexpensive sensing platforms. We report on core-shell Ag@C nanocables (NCs) decorated with carbon spherical shells (CSSs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a hydrothermal green approach. Sensors were fabricated with homogeneous, porous films on screen-printed electrodes, which comprised a 115 nm silver core covered by a 122 nm thick carbon layer and CSSs with 168 nm in diameter. NCs and CSSs were also decorated with 10-25 nm AgNPs. The NC/CSS/AgNP sensor was used to detect ethinylestradiol using square wave voltammetry in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) over the 1.0-10.0 µM linear range with a detection limit of 0.76 µM. The sensor was then applied to detect ethinylestradiol in tap water samples and a contraceptive pill with recovery percentages between 93 and 101%. The high performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity for hormones is attributed to the synergy between the carbon nanomaterials and AgNPs, which not only increased the sensor surface area and provided sites for electron exchange but also imparted an increased surface area.

Effects of Selected Cognitive-Motor Intervention on the Level of Physical Literacy and Executive Functionsin Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Girls: A One-month Follow-up Study / Efectos de la Intervención Cognitiva-Motora Seleccionada Sobre el Nivel de Literacia Física y Las Funciones Ejecutivas en Niñas con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad: Un Estudio de Seguimiento de un Mes / Efeitos da Intervenção Cognitivo-Motora Selecionada sobre o Nível de Literacia Física e Funções Executivas de Meninas sobre o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: Um Estudo de Acompanhamento de Um Mês

The aim of thepresent study was to investigate the effectiveness of selected cognitive-motor intervention on the level of physical literacy (PL) and executive functions of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) girls in a one-month follow-up plan. The statistical population included 30 girls with ADHD, all from Yazd (15 participants per group, experimental and control) were selected based on DSM-V criteria. While the control group was not exposed to any treatment andjust continued working as usual, the experimental group participated in 18 sessions (3 sessions a week) of the cognitive-motor program. In order to evaluate PL, the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Second Edition (CAPL-2), and for executive function the Continuous Performance Test (sustained attention) and Computer Mapping of the Tower of London task (motion planning) were used. Data analysis wa also conducted using the mixed varianceanalysis test with repeated measures and an independent T-test at a significance level of p≤.05. According to the results, the experimental group had better performance in PL and executive functions (sustained attention and movement planning) in the posttest and follow-up than the pretest. But, in the control group, no significant difference was observed between the test stages. Moreover, comparing the groups, the experimental group had better performance than the control group in PL, sustained attention, and movement planning. Therefore, cognitive-motor intervention can be used to develop PL and executive functions of ADHD girls.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fueinvestigar la efectividad de una intervención cognitiva-motora seleccionada en el nivel de la Literacia Física (PL) y funciones ejecutivas de niñas contrastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en un plan de seguimiento de un mes. La población eran niñas con TDAH, de Yazd, 15 participantes por grupo, experimental y control, fueron seleccionadas según los criterios del DSM-V. Mientras que el grupo de control no estuvo expuesto a ningún tratamiento y siguió trabajando como de costumbre, el grupo experimental participó en 18 sesiones del programa cognitivo-motor. (3 sesiones/sem). Para evaluar la PL se utilizó Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Second Edition (CAPL-2), y para la función ejecutiva el Continuous Performance Test (atenciónsostenida) y la tarea Computer Mapping of the Tower of London (planificación motora). Un análisis de varianza mixta con medida repetida y una prueba T independiente fue realizada a un nivel de significancia de p≤.05. De acuerdo con los resultados, el grupoexperimental tuvo mejor desempeño en PL y funciones ejecutivas (atención sostenida y planificación motora) en el posprueba y seguimiento que en la prueba previa. Pero, en el grupo de control, no se observó diferencia significativa entre las etapas de laprueba. Al comparar los grupos, se demostró que el grupo experimental tuvo un mejor desempeño que el grupo de control en PL, atención sostenida y planificación motora. Por lo tanto, la intervención cognitivo-motora se puede utilizar para desarrollar la PL y las funciones ejecutivas de las niñas con TDAH.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a eficácia da intervenção cognitivo-motora selecionada no nível de Literacia Física (PL) e funções executivas de meninas com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) com um plano de acompanhamento de um mês. A população foi composta por 30 meninas meninas com TDAH, todas de Yazd, as quais (15 participantes por grupo, experimental e controlo) foram selecionadas com base nos critérios do DSM-V. Enquanto o grupo controlo não foi exposto a nenhum tratamento e apenas continuou trabalhando normalmente, o grupo experimental participou de 18 sessões do programa cognitivo-motor (3 sessões/semena). Para avaliar a PL, foi utilizado o Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Second Edition (CAPL-2), e para a função executiva o Continuous Performance Test (atenção sustentada) e a tarefa de Computer Mapping of the Tower of London (planeamentomotor). A análise dos dados também foi realizada por meio do teste de análise de variância mista com medida repetida e um t test de amsotras independentescom nível designificância p≤.05. De acordo com os resultados, o grupo experimental demonstrou melhor desempenho em PL e funções executivas (atenção sustentada e planeamento motor) no pós-teste do que no pré-teste. Já no grupo controlo não frami observadasdiferenças significativas entre as etapas do teste. A comparação dos grupos evidenciou que o grupoexperimental teve melhor desempenho do que o grupo controlo na alfabetização física, atenção sustentada e planeamento motor. Portanto, a intervenção cognitivo-motora pode ser usada para desenvolver a PL e as funções executivas de meninas com TDAH.(AU)

Association of Quality of Life and Anxiety Indicators with the Physical Capacity of Elderly: A Crossover Study / Asociación de Indicadores de Calidad de Vida y Ansiedad con la Capacidad Física de las Personas Mayores: Un Estudio Transversal / Associação dos Indicadores da Qualidade de Vida e da Ansiedade com a Capacidade Física de Idosos: Um Estudo Transversal

The agingprocess can lead to muscle weakness, decreased physical capacity, and joint mobility, thus reducing the quality of life of the elderly population and consequently increasing their levels of anxiety. The objective of this study was to correlate the indicators of quality of life and anxiety with the physical capacity of the elderly. In the present study, 12 elderly people (M=68; SD=5 years old) were selected, who answered a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and the indicators of functional ability, pain, general health status, and mental health and the BAI questionnaire to determine the level of anxiety. Physical capacity was determined by the six-minute walk test (6MWT), observing the number of laps and distance covered. The study was accepted by the local ethics committee and everyone signed the informed consent form. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics with mean ± standard deviation and Pearson's correlation with a level of significance at ≤0.05 for rejecting the null hypothesis. The distance covered in the 6MWT (486.8±58.4m) had a significant correlation with MS (68.7±14.2; r=0.60, p=0.04) and with the level of anxiety (5.2±4.0; r=-0.65, p=0.02). The distance covered was associated with mental health and anxiety. More studies should be carried out to better determine the impact of physical activity on the quality of life of the elderly.(AU)

El proceso de envejecimiento puede conducir a debilidad muscular, disminución de la capacidad física y movilidad articular, reduciendo así la calidad de vida de la población anciana y consecuentemente aumentando sus niveles de ansiedad. El objetivo del estudio fue correlacionar los indicadores de calidad de vida y ansiedad con la capacidad física de los ancianos. En el presente estudio fueron seleccionados 12 adultos mayores (68±5 años), quienes respondieron un cuestionario de calidad de vida (SF-36) y los indicadores de capacidad funcional, dolor, estado general de salud y mental. salud y el cuestionario BAI para determinar el nivel de ansiedad. La capacidad física se determinó mediante la prueba de caminata de seis minutos (6MWT), observando el número de vueltas y la distancia recorrida. El estudio fue aceptado por el comité de ética local y todos firmaron el formulario de consentimiento. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística descriptiva con media ± desviación estándar y prueba de correlación de Pearson con α≤0.05. La distancia recorrida en el 6MWT (486.8±58.4m) tuvo una correlación significativa con la EM (68.7±14.2; r=0.60, p=0.04) y con el nivel de ansiedad (5.2±4.0; r=-0.65, p=0.02). La distancia recorrida se asoció con la salud mental y la ansiedad. Se deben realizar más estudios para determinarmejor el impacto de la actividad física en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores.(AU)

O processo do envelhecimento pode ocasionar fraqueza muscular, diminuição da capacidade física e da mobilidade articular, podendo assim diminuir a qualidade de vida da população idosa e também consequentemente aumentar os seus níveis de ansiedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os indicadores da qualidade de vida e da ansiedade com a capacidade física de idosos. No presente estudo foram selecionados 12 idosos (M=68; p=5 anos), os quais responderam a um questionário de qualidade de vida (SF-36) sendo selecionados os indicadores de capacidade funcional, dor, estado geral de saúde e saúde mental e o questionário de BAI para determinação do nível de ansiedade. A capacidade física foi determinada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M) sendo observado o número de voltas edistância percorrida. O estudo foi aceite pelo comitê de ética local e todos assinaram o termo de consentimento informado. Para análise estatística foi utilizada a estatística descritiva com média edesvio padrão, bem como o teste de correlação de pearson, assumindo-se um nível de significância de ≤0.05 para rejitar a hipótese nula. A distância percorrida no TC6M (486.8±58.4m) obteve uma correlação significativa com a SM (68.7±14.2; r=0.60, p=0.04) e com o nível de ansiedade (5.2±4.0; r=-0.65, p=0.02), e não apresentou correlação significativa com a CF (80.4±14.8; r=0.21), a Dor (73.2±21.0; r=0.34) e o EGS (84.8±13.2; r=-0.11). A distância percorrida obteve associação com a saúde mental e com a ansiedade. Mais estudos devem ser realizados para melhor determinar o impacto da atividade física na qualidade de vida de idosos.(AU)

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-acceptance-commitment based approach for Rumination, Cognitive Flexibility and Sports Performance of Elite Players of Beach Soccer: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 2-months Follow-up.

Background/Objective: There is little research on the effectiveness of new approaches to psychology, including mindfulness-acceptance-commitment, especially in team disciplines. Therefore, this study compared mindfulness-acceptance and commitment-based approaches to rumination, cognitive flexibility, and sports performance of elite beach soccer players during a two-month follow-up. Methods: The research design consisted of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with follow-up. Thus, 34 players of the premier league of beach soccer were randomly divided into intervention and control groups based on mindfulness acceptance and commitment. The experimental group exercises consisted of one session per week for 7 weeks and daily homework. Participants filled out the questionnaires of the Ruminative Response Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Sports Performance Questionnaire before, after, and at two months of follow-up of the intervention. Results: Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to evaluate the changes over time and compare the scores of the subjects of the two groups. The results showed a significant difference in mindfulness-acceptance and commitment intervention in the experimental group on pre- vs. post-test and pre-test vs. follow-up scores of research variables. Also, a comparison of groups using independent T-test analysis showed a significant effect of mindfulness-acceptance and commitment exercises on research variables in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: Findings suggest that mindfulness, commitment, and acceptance exercises can be used as a new method to reduce rumination and increase cognitive flexibility and sports performance of elite beach soccer players.

Sustainable plant-wearable sensors for on-site, rapid decentralized detection of pesticides toward precision agriculture and food safety.

The synergy between eco-friendly biopolymeric films and printed devices leads to the production of plant-wearable sensors for decentralized analysis of pesticides in precision agriculture and food safety. Herein, a simple method for fabrication of flexible, and sustainable sensors printed on cellulose acetate (CA) substrates has been demonstrated to detect carbendazim and paraquat in agricultural, water and food samples. The biodegradable CA substrates were made by casting method while the full electrochemical system of three electrodes was deposited by screen-printing technique (SPE) to produce plant-wearable sensors. Analytical performance was assessed by differential pulse (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in a linear concentration range between 0.1 and 1.0 µM with detection limits of 54.9 and 19.8 nM for carbendazim and paraquat, respectively. The flexible and sustainable non-enzymatic plant-wearable sensor can detect carbendazim and paraquat on lettuce and tomato skins, and also water samples with no interference from other pesticides. The plant-wearable sensors had reproducible response being robust and stable against multiple flexions. Due to high sensitivity and selectivity, easy operation and rapid agrochemical detection, the plant-wearable sensors can be used to detect biomarkers in human biofluids and be used in on-site analysis of other hazardous chemical substances.

Effects of the aldehyde-derived ring substituent on the properties of two new bioinspired trimethoxybenzoylhydrazones: methyl vs nitro groups.

N-Acylhydrazones are a versatile class of organic compounds with a diversity of potential applications. In this study, two new structure-related 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl-containing N-acylhydrazones were synthesized and fully characterized, both in solution and in the solid state. The compounds differ with respect to the carbonyl precursors, i.e., 3-substituted salicylaldehydes with either a methyl or a nitro group. Single crystals of both compounds were isolated from the respective mother liquors and, in both cases, XRD confirmed the obtention of the (E)-isomer, in an anti-conformation. Computational calculations (gas and water phases) were performed in order to confirm some of the structural and vibrational aspects of the compounds. An important intramolecular H bond involving the phenolic hydroxy group and the azomethine nitrogen was identified in the solid state and seems to be maintained in solution. Moreover, the presence of the electron-withdrawing nitro substituent makes this interaction stronger. However, the contact should probably not subsist for the nitro compound under physiological conditions since the presence of this substituent significantly affects the pKa of the phenol: an apparent value of 5.68 ± 0.02 was obtained. This also impacts the basicity of the azomethine nitrogen and, as a consequence, increases the hydrazone's susceptibility to hydrolysis. Nevertheless, both compounds are stable at physiological-like conditions, especially the methyl-derived one, which qualifies them for further toxicological and activity studies, such as those involving trivalent metal ions sequestering in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.

Exerkines: A Crosstalk between Lactate Production, Exercise and Mental Health.

Muscle skeletal striated cells secrete a wide range of proteins called myokines or "exerkines", which in turn perform autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine functions. For being able to act in the communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and mainly the brain, exerkines play a prominent role and potential influence on health promotion. Furthermore, we detected in the literature that one of these potential therapeutic substances derived from muscle contraction is a molecule derived from glycolytic metabolism that in the past was largely marginalized, the lactate. Currently, studies are dedicated to examining the target structures for exerkines that may contribute to the maintenance and restoration of mental health. Thus, lactate appears to be recognized as a critical mediator of exercise-related changes and their health benefits, particularly in their role in communication and coordination between organs. It is inferred that the BDNF expression mechanism can be induced by lactate, which in turn derives from the activation of SIRT pathways 1 and 2 and activates the PGC1-α cascade. The behavior of lactate concentration is intensity-dependent, directly related to the type of fast-twitch fibers (type IIb) and the recruitment of these fibers would potentiate the responses in the brain. In this sense, high-intensity exercise would establish itself as an important strategy to be considered. Despite this understanding, there is still much to be done. However, lactate appears to be a highly promising exerkine for future research initiatives and a potential biomarker to reduce illness and promote mental health.

DFT calculations of copper complexes mimicking superoxide dismutase and docking studies and molecular dynamics of the transition metal complex binding to serum albumin.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a metalloenzyme whose antioxidant activity is mimicked by some transition metal complexes, and such ability can be added in proteins such as the bovine serum albumin (BSA), creating a hybrid protein. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of three Cu(II)-complexes of general formula [CuL2phen] (phen = phenanthroline; C1, L = mefenamate; C2, L = tolfenamate; C3, L = flufenamate) with SOD-like activity, and docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of these complexes with the BSA were performed. The DFT calculations revealed that the complex reduction involves Cu(II) → Cu(I) reduction, the theoretical electron affinity (EA) correlated with the SOD-like activity (IC50), and the contribution of the phenanthroline ligand and the metal in LUMO it's related with the complex-protein interaction (KVS). The docking and MD simulations revealed the binding site of the complexes in BSA and the residues involved in the binding. The stability of the Cu(II) and Cu(I) forms of the complexes in the site indicated that the catalysis promoted by these complexes occurs in the same region of the BSA and that their mimetic activity can be incorporated into BSA, creating a hybrid protein (BSA with SOD activity)Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Ecobiology of Haemagogus leucocelaenus arbovirus vector in the golden lion tamarin translocation area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Significant pathogens that have resurfaced in humans originate from transmission from animal to human populations. In the Americas, yellow fever cases in humans are usually associated with spillover from non-human primates via mosquitoes. The present study characterized the prevalence of the yellow fever vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Atlantic Forest fragment chosen is an area of translocation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), where 10 ovitraps were installed to collect mosquito eggs in Fazenda Três Irmãos, at Silva Jardim city, from March 2020 to October 2022. A total of 1514 eggs were collected, of which 1153 were viable; 50% belonged to medically important mosquito species and 24% to the yellow fever vector species, Hg. leucocelaenus. The months of December 2020 (n = 252), November 2021 (n = 188), and January 2022 (n = 252) had the highest densities of this vector. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.303) and humidity (r = 0.48), with eggs hatching up to the 15th immersion with higher abundance of females. Implementing mosquito monitoring for arbovirus activity can help protect both the golden lion tamarin and human populations from the threat of arbovirus transmission.

Coordination chemistry applied to anti-doping analysis: Cobalt quantification as its diethyldithiocarbamate complex by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry.

Cobalt was included on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List in 2015 due to its effect on stimulus of erythropoiesis via stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor. Although it has proven benefits for performance enhancement, the unavailability of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on routine of the accredited laboratories is a factor that reduces its applicability in anti-doping analysis. Therefore, an analytical method for quantification of urinary cobalt as its diethyldithiocarbamate complex by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Palladium was proposed as internal standard and rhodium as a complexation control. A microwave-assisted acid digestion of the urine samples was essential, not only to eliminate the matrix effect but mainly to avoid the non-specific bond of cobalt to endogenous molecules. A linear method was obtained over the studied range from a negative urine control to a spiked concentration of 25 ng/mL, with an estimated limit of quantification of 2.5 ng/mL, and an adequate combined standard uncertainty of 11.4%. Considering that all reagents are commercially available, the proposed strategy is feasible to be included on routine sample preparation. Monitoring urinary cobalt concentrations globally opens the perspective to support the anti-doping system to define a suitable threshold value and to understand its potential misuse by athletes seeking for performance improvement.

Molecular modeling of [VO(L1-4)(R)] complexes (R = bipyridine, phenanthroline): DFT study of antioxidant activity, DNA binding and evaluation of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituent groups.

A DFT (density functional theory) study was conducted with eight oxovanadium complexes (C1 - C8) of general formula [VO(L1-4)(R)] (R = bipyridine, phenanthroline; L1-4 = group of ligands derived from dithiocarbamate). The obtained geometries showed a good correlation with the experimental structures. Molecular orbital analysis revealed that the contribution of the L-ligand in the SOMO (single-occupied molecular orbital) of the complexes correlated with the experimental antioxidant activity (IC50), while the contribution of the R-ligand to the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of the complexes correlated with the experimental complex-DNA interaction (Kb). It has been identified that the presence of an electron-donating substituent group (such as -NH2) in the C5 - C6 structures should enhance these complexes' antioxidant and DNA interaction activities.

Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People.

Interval training (IT) is a very efficient method. We aimed to verify the chronic effects of IT with different intensities on hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory variables in the elderly. Twenty-four physically active elderly men participated in the study and were randomized into three groups: Training Group A (TGA, n = 8), Training Group B (TGB, n = 8) and control group (CG, n = 8). The TGA and TGB groups performed 32 sessions (48 h interval). TGA presented 4 min (55 to 60% of HRmax) and 1 min (70 to 75% of HRmax). The TGB training groups performed the same protocol, but performed 4 min at 45 to 50% HRmax and 1 min at 60 to 65% HRmax. Both training groups performed each set six times, totaling 30 min per session. Assessments were performed pre (baseline) after the 16th and 32nd intervention session. The CG performed only assessments. Hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory (estimated VO2max) variables were evaluated. There were no significant differences between protocols and times (p > 0.05). However, the effect size and percentage delta indicated positive clinical outcomes, indicating favorable responses of IT. IT may be a strategy to improve hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory behavior in healthy elderly people.

Respuestas autonómicas y análisis de la carga interna mediante la evaluación aguda de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca tras una sesión de entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad / Autonomic responses and internal load analysis through acute assessment of heart rate variability after a high-intensity functional training session

Backgroud: Heart rate variability (HRV) measurement is an important tool that may help indicate possible physiological changes, and HRV monitorization could be a great strategy for clinical analysis (autonomic control) and performance (internal load).Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate autonomic responses and internal load through HRV during a higintensity functional training (HIFT) session.Material and method: Thirty-three individuals (22 men and 11 women) participated in the study (Age: Mean = 34.9 ± 7.2years; Weight: Mean = 72.3 ± 13.7 kg; Height: Mean = 1.72 ± 0.1 m; BMI: Mean = 24.4 ± 3.0 kg/m²). All participants engaged ina 60-to-90-minute HIFT session. HRV analysis was performed during the specific warm-up period (targeted warm-up or skilltraining that followed the general mobility and light cardiovascular warm-up), during exercise (approximately 50 minutes),and in the recovery phase (10 minutes post-training). A Polar H10 heart rate monitor chest strap (Kempele, Finland®) wasused to collect HRV and was connected to the Elite HRV mobile application. The data were further transferred to Kubios HRVStandart software, version 3.3.1, in order to process the acquired data.Results: For isolated analyzes (pre- and post-), differences were found for SDNN (P<0.001), RMSSD (P<0.001) and HF(P=0.041), yet not for LF / HF (P=0.483). In the analysis of HRV kinetics, significant results were found between momentsfor RR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF and HF (P<0.05). In the analysis of the internal load, the highest level of stress was identified in 40(P=0.010) and 50 minutes of exercise (P=0.001), as well as in recovery (P<0.001), this assessment being carried out throughHRV through the LnRMSSD index. A negative correlation was observed between maximum heart rate (HRmax) and LnRMSSDat 40 (r=-0.51) and 50 minutes of exercise (r=-0.58). In recovery, the correlation was positive, yet insignificant (r=0.032)...(AU)

Introducción: La medición de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (HRV) es una herramienta importante que puedeayudar a indicar posibles cambios fisiológicos. La monitorización de la HRV podría ser una gran estrategia para el análisisclínico (control autonómico) y el rendimiento (carga interna).Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las respuestas autonómicas y la carga interna a través de la VFC duranteuna sesión de entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad (HIFT).Material y método: Treinta y tres individuos (22 hombres y 11 mujeres) participaron en el estudio (Edad: Media = 34,9 ±7,2 años; Peso: Media = 72,3 ± 13,7 kg; Altura: Media = 1,72 ± 0,1 m; IMC: Media = 24,4 ± 3,0 kg / m²). Todos los participantesparticiparon en una sesión HIFT de 60 a 90 minutos. El análisis de la VFC se realizó durante el periodo de calentamiento específico (calentamiento dirigido o entrenamiento de habilidades que seguía al calentamiento cardiovascular ligero y demovilidad general), durante el ejercicio (aproximadamente 50 minutos) y en la fase de recuperación (10 minutos despuésdel entrenamiento). Se utilizó una banda de pecho con pulsómetro Polar H10 (Kempele, Finlandia®) para recoger la VFC y seconectó a la aplicación móvil Elite HRV. Los datos se transfirieron posteriormente al software Kubios HRV Standart, versión3.3.1, para procesar los datos adquiridos.Resultados: En los análisis aislados (pre y post), se encontraron diferencias para SDNN (p <0,001), RMSSD (p <0,001) y HF(p = 0,041), pero no para LF / HF (p = 0,483). En el análisis de la cinética de la VFC, se encontraron resultados significativos entremomentos para RR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF y HF (p <0,05). En el análisis de la carga interna, el mayor nivel de estrés se identificóen 40 (p = 0,010) y 50 minutos de ejercicio (p = 0,001), así como en la recuperación (p <0,001), realizándose esta valoración...(AU)

Cytotoxic activity of Ru(II)/DPEPhos/N,S-mercapto complexes (DPEPhos = bis-[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether).

We report here on three new ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(DPEPhos)(mtz)(bipy)]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(DPEPhos)(mmi)(bipy)]PF6 (Ru2) and [Ru(DPEPhos)(dmp)(bipy)]PF6 (Ru3). DPEPhos = bis-[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, mtz = 2-mercapto-2-thiazoline, mmi = 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole, dmp = 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine. The compounds were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, and the molecular structure of Ru1 complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity of Ru1 - Ru3 complexes were tested against the A549 (human lung) and the MDA-MB-231 (human breast) cancer cell lines and against MRC-5 (non-tumor lung) and MCF-10A (non-tumor breast) cell lines through the MTT assay. All three complexes are cytotoxic against the cell lines studied, with IC50 values lower than those found for the cisplatin. Among them, the Ru2 complex has shown the best selectivity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, with an IC50 value 12 times lower than that on MCF-10A. The complex Ru2 was capable to induce changes in MDA-MB-231 cells morphology, with loss of cellular adhesion, inhibited colony formation and induce an accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase, with an increase in S-phase and decrease of cells at G2 phase. Viscosity, electrochemical and Hoechst 33258 displacement experiments for Ru1 - Ru3 complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) showed an electrostatic and groove binding mode of interaction. Additionally, the complexes interact with the protein Human Serum Albumin (HSA) by static mechanism. The negative values for ΔH and ΔS indicate that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding may occurs between the complexes and HSA. Therefore, this class of complexes are promising anticancer candidates and may be selected to further detailed studies.

Influence of nitro ruthenium isomerization on photochemically induced nitric oxide release: Vasorelaxant activities.

We have synthesized cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO2-κN)Ln-](n-1) and cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO2-κO)L n-](n-1) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; k = indication of the coordinated center to Ruthenium; L = pyridine type ligand) by reacting cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)Ln-](n-2) with sodium nitrite or conducting basic cis-[Ru(bpy)2NO(Ln-)](n-3) hydrolysis. Photolysis at the metal-ligand charge transfer band (MLCT) of the isomers yielded nitric oxide (NO) as determined by NO measurement. The NO photorelease rates obtained upon 447 nm laser irradiation of the ruthenium complexes showed that cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO2-κO)Ln-](n-1) released NO three times faster than cis-[Ru(bpy)2(NO2-κN)Ln-](n-1). We investigated endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-pic)(NO2-κN)]+ and cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-pic)(NO2-κO)]+ (4-pic = 4-picoline) in isolated 3 mm aortic rings precontracted with L-phenylephrine. Maximum vasodilation was achieved under 447 nm laser irradiation of 0.5 µMol.L-1 ruthenium complexes for 100 s.

SARS-CoV-2 detection enabled by a portable and label-free photoelectrochemical genosensor using graphitic carbon nitride and gold nanoparticles.

Fast, sensitive, simple, and cheap sensors are highly desirable to be applied in the health system because they improve point-of-care diagnostics, which can reduce the number of cases of infection or even deaths. In this context, here we report the development of a label-free genosensor using a screen-printed electrode modified with 2D-carbonylated graphitic carbon nitride (c-g-C3N4), poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA), and glutathione-protected gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of SARS-CoV-2. We also made use of Arduino and 3D printing to miniaturize the sensor device. The electrode surface was characterized by AFM and SEM techniques, and the gold nanoparticles by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. For SARS-CoV-2 detection, capture probe DNA was immobilized on the electrode surface. The hybridization of the final genosensor was tested with a synthetic single-strand DNA target and with natural saliva samples using the photoelectrochemistry method. The device presented a linear range from 1 to 10,000 fmol L-1 and a limit of detection of 2.2 and 3.4 fmol L-1 using cpDNA 1A and 3A respectively. The sensibility and accuracy found for the genosensor using cpDNA 1A using biological samples were 93.3 and 80% respectively, indicating the potential of the label-free and portable genosensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva samples.